{"id":5690,"date":"2023-07-06T15:30:12","date_gmt":"2023-07-06T15:30:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/?p=5690"},"modified":"2023-07-07T09:33:49","modified_gmt":"2023-07-07T09:33:49","slug":"islamic-trade-finance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/islamic-trade-finance\/","title":{"rendered":"Islamic Trade Finance"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><em>By Zaki Ahmad<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>A research scholar pursuing a PhD in finance and banking at Universiti Utara Malaysia&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In international trade, importers and exporters have conflicting interests as far as the payment is concerned. Importers prefer to pay upon the receipt of products and exporters prefer to be paid upon product shipment. In such scenarios, it is crucial that both parties have a trustworthy business relationship.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first option is to have an open credit arrangement. This usually requires longstanding trade relationships and robust creditworthiness. Secondly, parties can use direct cash payments. This method is suitable when there is only cash payment. Therefore it is unsuited when there is a credit term involved in the transaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the transactions are neither solely based on cash terms nor always between trusted partners. To solve this issue, various intermediaries such as banks and financial institutions can facilitate the process by providing trade financing. Reputable banks act as a bridge to resolve this conflict and thus by providing ease of doing business, trade finance enables international trade. These banks extend credit or payment guarantees that reconcile the cash flow needs of both exporters and importers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_51_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\" role=\"button\"><label for=\"item-69db27ff1e70f\" ><span class=\"\"><span style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input aria-label=\"Toggle\" aria-label=\"item-69db27ff1e70f\"  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-69db27ff1e70f\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/islamic-trade-finance\/#Conventional_versus_Islamic_Finance\" title=\"Conventional versus Islamic Finance\">Conventional versus Islamic Finance<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/islamic-trade-finance\/#Islamic_trade_financing_products\" title=\"Islamic trade financing products\">Islamic trade financing products<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/islamic-trade-finance\/#Import_Finance_Products\" title=\"Import Finance Products&nbsp;\">Import Finance Products&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/islamic-trade-finance\/#Export_Finance_Products\" title=\"Export Finance Products\">Export Finance Products<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/islamic-trade-finance\/#Products_used_for_both\" title=\"Products used for both\">Products used for both<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/islamic-trade-finance\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conventional_versus_Islamic_Finance\"><\/span><strong>Conventional versus Islamic Finance<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/141-1024x536.png\" alt=\"Islamic Trade Finance\" class=\"wp-image-5691\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/141-1024x536.png 1024w, https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/141-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/141-768x402.png 768w, https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/141.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Islam has always promoted and encouraged trade and many Prophets including Prophet Muhammad (\ufdfa) were merchants by profession. The Prophet (\ufdfa) said \u201cThe truthful and honest trader will be in the company of the Anbiya, the truthful ones and martyrs [in the Hereafter]\u201d [Tirmidhi]. Islam is a complete way of life and lays down rules for all aspects of life including business transactions. These instructions form the basis of the Islamic financial system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/islamic-finance-explained\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" title=\"Islamic Finance Explained: Financing for a Better World\">Islamic finance<\/a>, as opposed to conventional finance, has certain objectives. These include equitable distribution and circulation of wealth in society, avoiding all impermissible transactions like riba (interest), maysir (gambling), gharar (uncertainty), and exploitative contracts. Furthermore, the transactions conducted should comply with Shariah. Therefore, any trade financing mode which violates Shariah is impermissible. In a nutshell, conventional banking follows the approach that \u201cBanks deals in documents not goods\u201d as opposed to the approach of Islamic banks that \u201cIslamic Bank deals in goods and documents\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Conventional trade transactions are financed exclusively through credit, even if it is tied or untied to commercial transactions. The four pillars of conventional trade financing are payment, risk mitigation, financing, and information.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the other hand, in Islamic trade finance riba is prohibited and operations must be financed through Shariah compliant instruments like Wakalah (agency), <a href=\"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/shariah-compliant-p2p-lending-challenges\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" title=\"Shariah-Compliant Investments: The Challenges to Peer to Peer (P2P) Lending Solutions\">Musharakah<\/a> (partnership), and <a href=\"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/islamic-finance-contract-mudharabah\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" title=\"Islamic Finance Contract: Mudharabah\">Murabaha<\/a> (mark up).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Islamic_trade_financing_products\"><\/span><strong>Islamic trade financing products<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/151-1024x536.png\" alt=\"Islamic Trade Finance\" class=\"wp-image-5693\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/151-1024x536.png 1024w, https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/151-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/151-768x402.png 768w, https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/151.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Islamic banks offer a complete suite of products that cater to all valid needs of exporters and importers in a Shariah compliant manner. These products can be classified as import finance, export finance and products that are useful for both. Some of the products for each category are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Import_Finance_Products\"><\/span><strong>Import Finance Products&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Documentary credits:<\/strong> Islamic bank provides a document on behalf of the importer. This document guarantees the payment will be made if the terms and conditions of the contracts are met. Islamic banks offer the service for Shariah compliant transactions and in return charge Ujrah (fees) from the importer.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>2. <strong>Shipping guarantee: <\/strong>Islamic banks provide Shariah compliant Kafalah (guarantee) arrangement to fulfil the seller\u2019s needs of being able to collect the goods without waiting for shipment documents thereby reducing storage costs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Export_Finance_Products\"><\/span>Export Finance Products<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Export credit financing:<\/strong> Sellers need favourable financing terms when entering new markets where business uncertainty may be high. Conventionally, export credit financing is provided by export credit agencies to exporters on behalf of governments to encourage business in overseas markets. As an Islamic alternative, Islamic banks provide and arrange Islamic export credit financing mostly based on Murabaha, Ijarah, and Istisna contracts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Export credit re-financing: <\/strong>This is a type of short-term financing provided by banks to manufacturing and trading companies to help finance their pre- and post- shipment trading activities. For pre-shipment, Murabaha is used while Bai\u2019 Dayn is used for post-shipment.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Products_used_for_both\"><\/span><strong>Products used for both<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Letters of credit\/Wakalah: <\/strong>The exporter must ensure that the importer (buyer) will pay the specified amount. To manage this, Wakalah arrangements are used in which banks act as agents or clients. Unlike conventional letters of credit where interest is involved, clients pay Islamic banks a fee or commission.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>2. <strong>Islamic banker\u2019s acceptance:<\/strong> Generally, the parties involved in international trade might not know each other and thus rely on the creditworthiness of the bank. To cater to this need, Islamic banks offer Islamic banker\u2019s acceptance which works on the basis of Bai\u2019 Dayn (debt trading) and Murabaha (cost-plus-profit) principles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3 <strong>Islamic accepted bills:<\/strong> Buyers and sellers need a reliable way of financing their imports and exports through negotiable financial instruments. Islamic accepted bills, which are based on the commodity Murabaha or Bai\u2019 Dayn, are used to finance imports and exports respectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. <strong>Islamic factoring: <\/strong>Sellers need a convenient and efficient way to convert their accounts receivable into cash to finance their expenses. Islamic factoring provides advance cash to exporters based on Murabaha and Wakalah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Global trade financing is projected to reach US$ 10.4 trillion by 2026 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.37% in the following years. The continued growth will be driven by primary four areas \u2013 higher demand for confirmations of letters of credit, lengthening of trade cycles, digitization, and sustainability. In this global market, Islamic trade financing has significant advantages that can benefit all parties in the process and thus have huge potential to grow in the upcoming years.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"rns\" data-title=\"Islamic Trade Finance\" data-tags=\"\" data-categories=\"The Halal Journal\" data-comments=\"0\" data-date=\"1688657412000\" data-author=\"Anis Shakirah\" data-single=\"\" data-url=\"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/islamic-trade-finance\/\"><\/div> <!-- Check out https:\/\/reactandshare.com -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Zaki Ahmad A research scholar pursuing a PhD in finance and banking at Universiti Utara Malaysia&nbsp; In international trade, importers and exporters have conflicting &hellip; <span class=\"read-more-link\"><a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/islamic-trade-finance\/\">Read More &rsaquo;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":5695,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":""},"categories":[2013],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/13.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pbDwgm-1tM","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5690"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/58"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5690"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5690\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7081,"href":"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5690\/revisions\/7081"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5695"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5690"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5690"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ethis.co\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5690"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}